Surgery MCQs Q29

FreeMedSite MCQ Decoder - Accessory Spleen
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SURGERY • HEMATOLOGY

A patient undergoing splenectomy for a hematological disorder continues to have persistent symptoms postoperatively. Imaging suggests the presence of an accessory spleen.

Where is the most common location of an accessory spleen?

A Lienorenal ligament
B Gastrosplenic ligament
C Around the tail of pancreas
D Omentum
E Hilum of spleen

The most common site for an accessory spleen (splenunculus) is the Splenic Hilum (~75% of cases).

Decoding the Stem

1
CLUE "Accessory spleen → common anatomical location"
TRANSLATION Recall embryological remnants of splenic tissue fusion.

Explanation

E. Hilum of spleen: ✅ Correct. This is the most common site (~75%). Accessory spleens arise due to the failure of splenic tissue fusion during embryogenesis. In conditions like ITP or hemolytic anemia, they must be removed, otherwise the disease will persist.

C. Around tail of pancreas: ❌ Incorrect. This is the second most common site and an important surgical pitfall.

A & B. Ligaments: These are possible locations but significantly less frequent than the hilum.

D. Omentum: ❌ Rare location.

🧠 Splenic Pearls
Rank Location
#1 (Most Common) Splenic Hilum
#2 Tail of Pancreas
Incidence 10–30% of general population
Significance Failure of splenectomy in ITP/Hereditary Spherocytosis

Integrated Clinical Questions

1. What is the embryological origin of an accessory spleen?

Answer: Failure of splenic buds to fuse within the dorsal mesogastrium during development.

2. Why is it clinically important to identify an accessory spleen during surgery for ITP?

Answer: It can cause recurrence of the disease (failed splenectomy) as the remaining tissue takes over splenic function.

3. What is the best imaging modality to locate a suspected accessory spleen postoperatively?

Answer: CT scan or a Radionuclide scan (using Technetium-99m labeled heat-damaged RBCs).

4. Where is the second most common location of an accessory spleen?

Answer: Tail of the pancreas.

5. Name a common hematological condition that often requires splenectomy and careful search for accessory spleens.

Answer: Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) or Hereditary Spherocytosis.

⚡ Exam Pearls

  • Hilum = Most Common (Remember "H" for Hilum and Highest Frequency).
  • Tail of Pancreas = Second Most Common (Don't fall for the trap).
  • Failed Splenectomy: Always consider an overlooked accessory spleen if symptoms recur.
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