MALLORY WEISS SYNDROME:
It is a vertical tear at the cardia caused by forceful vomiting. These tears lie just below the squamocolumnar junction at cardia in 90% cases and in the esophagus in 10% cases. It produces hematemesis and malena. Bleeding is usually mild and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy may\ be needed in occasional cases.
Mallory-Weiss tear
A Mallory - Weiss tear is a tear in the mucosal layer at the junction esophagus and stomach
BOERHAAV'S SYNDROME:
It is spontaneous perforation. It is full thickness tear of distal esophagus caused by excessive intraluminal pressure which is produced by forceful vomiting against closed glottis. Almost
300 years ago, Herman Boerhaave, a Dutch physician, described the case of Barron Wassenaer, the Grand Admiral of Holland. In 1724, Boerhaave was called to the bedside of the admiral, who complained of severe chest pain and exclaimed that something had burst in his
chest. The admiral had consumed a huge meal, had taken a self-prescribed emetic, and "shortly afterwards he vomited, but only a little and this was not easy." Over the next 16 hours, his condition progressively worsened until he died. Autopsy revealed a rent in an otherwise normal-looking esophagus, with food and medicine in the left chest cavity
Boerhaave syndrome is a transmural perforation of the esophagus to be distinguished from
Mallory-Weiss syndrome, a nontransmural esophageal tear also associated with vomiting
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