Surgery MCQs Q15

FreeMedSite MCQ Decoder - Pharyngeal Pouch
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SURGERY • ESOPHAGUS

A 10-year-old girl presents with a swelling in the lower neck near the region of the inferior constrictor muscle. Her mother reports that since infancy the child has had regurgitation of food and difficulty swallowing.

The neck swelling increases in size after eating, and when the swelling is pressed, the child experiences regurgitation of food into the throat. On examination, the swelling shows a cough impulse.

What is the most probable diagnosis?

A Goiter
B Laryngomalacia
C Subclavian artery aneurysm
D Pharyngeal pouch
E Thyroglossal cyst

Pharyngeal pouch (Zenker’s diverticulum) is a pulsion diverticulum caused by herniation of mucosa through Killian's dehiscence. It classically presents with the "Boyce sign" (gurgling/regurgitation upon pressure).

Decoding Clue

1
CLUE "Swelling increases after eating... regurgitation on pressure"
TRANS This identifies a reservoir communicating with the esophagus (Pulsion Diverticulum).
2
CLUE "Region of the inferior constrictor"
TRANS Specifically identifies Killian's Dehiscence between thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus.

Option Analysis

A. Goiter: Thyroid swelling moves with deglutition but never contains food or regurgitates upon pressure.

B. Laryngomalacia: Causes stridor in infants; it does not present as a palpable neck swelling related to eating.

E. Thyroglossal Cyst: A midline swelling that moves with tongue protrusion; it has no esophageal connection.

High-yield

The triad of Dysphagia, Regurgitation of undigested food, and Halitosis in the presence of a gurgling neck mass is diagnostic of a Pharyngeal Pouch.

Relevant Clinical Challenges

Challenge #1: Anatomy

What are the specific two parts of the inferior constrictor muscle that form Killian's dehiscence?

Answer: Thyropharyngeus (oblique fibers) and Cricopharyngeus (transverse fibers).

Challenge #2: Diagnosis

What is the gold standard investigation to confirm a pharyngeal pouch?

Answer: Barium Swallow study (shows a reservoir behind the esophagus).

Challenge #3: Risk

What is a major pulmonary complication of an untreated pharyngeal pouch?

Answer: Aspiration pneumonia (due to regurgitation of undigested food during sleep).

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